Prokaryotic Cells

These smaller DNA are called ______.

Explanation

Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules found outside the genomic DNA in many bacteria.

They replicate independently of the main bacterial chromosome.

Plasmids may carry additional genes, such as antibiotic resistance genes.

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Conclusion

Small circular DNA molecules present outside the bacterial genomic DNA are called plasmids.

The plasmid DNA confers certain ______ to such bacteria.

Explanation

Plasmid DNA carries additional genes apart from the main genomic DNA.

These genes can provide bacteria with special characteristics, such as antibiotic resistance.

Such characteristics are expressed as unique phenotypic characters.

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Conclusion

Plasmid DNA can confer unique phenotypic characters to bacteria.

One such character is resistance to ______.

Explanation

Some plasmids carry genes that provide resistance to antibiotics.

These genes help bacteria survive exposure to certain antibiotics.

Such resistance is an example of a phenotypic character conferred by plasmids.

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Conclusion

Plasmids can carry genes that confer antibiotic resistance to bacteria.

In higher classes you will learn that this plasmid DNA is used to ______.

Explanation

Plasmids are commonly used as vectors in genetic engineering.

They can carry foreign DNA into bacterial cells.

Selectable markers in plasmids help identify bacteria that have taken up the foreign DNA.

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Conclusion

Plasmid DNA is used to monitor bacterial transformation with foreign DNA.

Nuclear membrane is found in ______.

Explanation

Eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus.

The nucleus is surrounded by a double-layered nuclear membrane.

Prokaryotic cells lack a nuclear membrane.

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Conclusion

A nuclear membrane is present in eukaryotes.

No organelles, like the ones in eukaryotes, are found in prokaryotic cells except for ______.

Explanation

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.

Ribosomes are non-membrane-bound organelles found in prokaryotic cells.

They are responsible for protein synthesis.

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Conclusion

Ribosomes are the organelles present in prokaryotic cells.

Prokaryotes have something unique in the form of ______.

Explanation

Prokaryotic cells contain certain reserve materials called inclusions.

These inclusions are stored in the cytoplasm.

They are not surrounded by a membrane.

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Conclusion

Inclusions are characteristic reserve materials found in prokaryotic cells.

A specialised differentiated form of cell membrane called ______ is the characteristic of prokaryotes.

Explanation

Mesosomes are described in the NCERT textbook as specialised infoldings of the plasma membrane in prokaryotes.

They are associated with functions such as cell wall formation, DNA replication and respiration.

Note: Mesosomes are historically described structures; modern research considers them artefacts produced during chemical fixation.

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Conclusion

Mesosomes are specialised infoldings of the plasma membrane described in prokaryotic cells.

Mesosomes are essentially ______ of cell membrane.

Explanation

Mesosomes are described as infoldings of the plasma membrane in prokaryotes.

They appear as vesicles, tubules and lamellae.

They are associated with various cellular activities in the NCERT description.

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Conclusion

Mesosomes are infoldings of the cell membrane.

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