Prokaryotic Cells

The prokaryotic cells are represented by ______.

Explanation

Prokaryotic organisms include bacteria, blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) and mycoplasma.

PPLO stands for Pleuro Pneumonia Like Organisms.

These organisms lack a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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Conclusion

Bacteria, blue-green algae, mycoplasma and PPLO are examples of prokaryotic organisms.

Prokaryotic cells are generally ______ and ______ than the eukaryotic cells.

Explanation

Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells.

They generally multiply more rapidly than eukaryotic cells.

Their simpler cellular organisation supports rapid reproduction in many prokaryotes.

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Conclusion

Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and multiply more rapidly than eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cells may vary greatly in ______ and ______.

Explanation

Prokaryotic cells show considerable variation in their shape and size.

They may occur in different forms, such as spherical, rod-shaped, spiral and comma-shaped.

Their sizes also vary among different groups of prokaryotes.

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Conclusion

Prokaryotic cells may vary greatly in shape and size.

The four basic shapes of bacteria are ______.

Explanation

Bacillus refers to rod-shaped bacteria.

Coccus refers to spherical bacteria, while vibrio refers to comma-shaped bacteria.

Spirillum refers to spiral-shaped bacteria.

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Conclusion

The four basic bacterial shapes are bacillus, coccus, vibrio and spirillum.

The organisation of the prokaryotic cell is fundamentally ______ even though prokaryotes exhibit a wide variety of shapes and functions.

Explanation

Prokaryotic cells share a common basic cellular organisation.

They may differ widely in shape, size and functions.

Despite these variations, their fundamental cellular organisation remains similar.

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Conclusion

The fundamental organisation of prokaryotic cells is similar despite their diversity in shape and function.

All prokaryotes have a ______ surrounding the cell membrane except in ______.

Explanation

Most prokaryotic cells have a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane.

Mycoplasma lacks a cell wall.

Mycoplasma is a prokaryotic organism with a plasma membrane but no cell wall.

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Conclusion

Mycoplasma is the exception among prokaryotes because it lacks a cell wall.

The ______ filling the cell is the cytoplasm.

Explanation

The cytoplasm is a semifluid matrix filling the cell.

It contains cellular components and various substances.

Many metabolic reactions take place in the cytoplasm.

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Conclusion

The cytoplasm is the semifluid matrix filling the cell.

There is ______ nucleus in prokaryotic cells.

Explanation

Prokaryotic cells do not have a well-defined nucleus.

Their genetic material is present in a region called the nucleoid.

The nucleoid is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

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Conclusion

Prokaryotic cells lack a well-defined, membrane-bound nucleus.

The genetic material is basically ______ by a nuclear membrane.

Explanation

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nuclear membrane.

Their genetic material lies in a region called the nucleoid.

Therefore, the genetic material is naked and not enveloped by a nuclear membrane.

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Conclusion

Prokaryotic genetic material is naked and not enclosed by a nuclear membrane.

In addition to the genomic DNA (______), many bacteria have ______ outside the genomic DNA.

Explanation

The genomic DNA of most bacteria is a single circular chromosome.

Many bacteria also contain small circular DNA molecules called plasmids.

Plasmids are present separately from the main genomic DNA.

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Conclusion

Many bacteria contain plasmids in addition to their main genomic DNA.

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